History UsefulNotes / SanMarino

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, {{UsefulNotes/Croatia}}). Its constitution, ratified in 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. San Marino survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had seen fit to declare war on the UsefulNotes/UnitedKingdom in 1940).

* '''Area:''' 61.2 km
(23.6 sq mi) (190th)

** Captains Regent: Maria Luisa Berti and Manuel Ciavatta

* '''Area:''' 61.2 km
(23.6 sq mi) (190th)

San Marino abolished the death penalty in 1865, becoming the first European country to do so. The last execution was performed in 1468.

During UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, San Marino provided a safe harbor for over 100,000 Italians (ten times more than there were Sammarinese at the time) and Jews from Nazi persecution. That's right, San Marino pulled a move that could risk angering UsefulNotes/NaziGermany and ''still'' managed to stay neutral. No wonder its citizens are proud of it. Though, it didn't stop the Nazis or the Allies disrespecting its neutrality status; especially when the former managed to ''fortify'' the borders of this nation - which ran through the Gothic Line at the time - in which it led the Allies to conduct a [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino 3-day battle]] to completely remove it for good.

During World War II, San Marino provided a safe harbor for over 100,000 Italians (ten times more than there were Sammarinese at the time) and Jews from Nazi persecution. That's right, San Marino pulled a move that could risk angering UsefulNotes/NaziGermany and ''still'' managed to stay neutral. No wonder its citizens are proud of it. Though, it didn't stop the Nazis or the Allies disrespecting its neutrality status; especially when the former managed to ''fortify'' the borders of this nation - which ran through the Gothic Line at the time - in which it led the Allies to conduct a [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino 3-day battle]] to completely remove it for good.

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, {{UsefulNotes/Croatia}}). Its constitution, ratified in 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. San Marino survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had seen fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, {{UsefulNotes/Croatia}}). Its constitution, ratified in 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had seen fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, {{UsefulNotes/Croatia}}). Its constitution, ratified 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had seen fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, Croatia). Its constitution, ratified 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had seen fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

During World War II, San Marino provided a safe harbor for over 100,000 Italians (ten times more than there were Sammarinese at the time) and Jews from Nazi persecution. That's right, San Marino pulled a move that could risk angering UsefulNotes/NaziGermany and ''still'' managed to stay neutral. No wonder its citizens are proud of it. Though, it didn't stop the Nazis or the Allies disrespecting its neutrality status; especially when the former managed to ''fortify'' the borders of this nation - which ran through the Gothic Line at the time - in which it led the Allies to conduct a [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino 3-day battle]] to completely removed it for good.

San Marino abolished death penalty in 1865, becoming the first European country to do so. The last execution was performed in 1468.

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, Croatia). Its constitution, ratified 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had saw fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

During World War II, San Marino provided a safe harbor for over 100,000 Italians (ten times more than there were Sammarinese at the time) and Jews from Nazi persecution. That's right, San Marino pulled a move that could risk angering UsefulNotes/NaziGermany and ''still'' managed to stay neutral. No wonder its citizens are proud of it. Though, it didn't stop the Nazis or the Allies disrepecting its neutrality status; especially when the former managed to ''fortify'' the borders of this nation - which ran through the Gothic Line at the time - in which it led the Allies to conduct a [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino 3-day battle]] to completely removed it for good.

** Captains Regent: Oscar Mina and Paolo Rondelli

There was once a [[NonindicativeName San Marino Grand Prix - held in Imola, Italy]], which was infamous for its 1994 running[[note]]It was on this running that Ayrton Senna had his fatal crash during the race. Along with his fatal crash, Austrian Roland Ratzenberger died after crashing in qualifying, Rubens Barrichello was injured after a crash in practice, eight fans were injured due to flying debris after a crash at the start involving Pedro Lamy and JJ Lehto, and as if all of those wasn't enough, four mechanics from Ferrari and Lotus were injured after Michele Alboreto's wheel came off while exiting the pit lane[[/note]]. Motorcycle racing also has its own San Marino Grand Prix, the somewhat indicative San Marino ''and'' Rimini's Coast motorcycle Grand Prix, which as the name said, it's held in Rimini - specifically, the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli. Also, San Marino became the smallest country to ever win a medal at the OlympicGames when Alessandra Perilli won a bronze medal in women's trap shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

There was once a [[NonindicativeName San Marino Grand Prix - held in Imola, Italy]], which was infamous for its 1994 running[[note]]It was on this running that Ayrton Senna had his fatal crash during the race. Along with his fatal crash, Austrian Roland Ratzenberger died after crashing in qualifying, Rubens Barrichello was injured after a crash in practice, eight fans were injured due to flying debris after a crash at the start involving Pedro Lamy and JJ Lehto, and as if all of those wasn't enough, four mechanics from Ferrari and Lotus were injured after Michele Alboreto's wheel came off while exiting the pit lane[[/note]]. Motorcycle racing also has its own San Marino Grand Prix, the somewhat indicative San Marino ''and'' Rimini's Coast motorcycle Grand Prix, which as the name said, it's held in Rimini - specifically, the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli.

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little Southern European enclave in Italy. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, Croatia). Its constitution, ratified 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had saw fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

** Captains Regent: Gian Carlo Venturini and Marco Nicolini

During World War II, San Marino provided a safe harbor for over 100,000 Italians (ten times more than there were Sammarinese at the time) and Jews from Nazi persecution. That's right, San Marino pulled a move that could risk angering UsefulNotes/NaziGermany and ''still'' managed to stay neutral. No wonder its citizens are proud of it.

* '''Highest point:''' Monte Titano (755 m/2,477 ft) (182nd)

* '''Highest point:''' Monte Titano (755 m/2,477 ft) (167th)

* '''Lowest point:''' Ausa River (55 m/180 ft) (51st)

-->+378 0549 xxx xxx (from the rest of the world, using the San Marino country code and the Italian area code)

* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' SM

->White and blue symbolize peace and liberty, respectively; at the center is the coat of arms, a crowned shield showing [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Titano Monte Titano]], the country's highest point, whose three summits are topped by the towers of Guaita, Cesta and Montale, each decorated with a weather vane shaped like an ostrich feather; on either side of the shield are oak and laurel branches, symbolizing national stability and the defense of San Marino's sovereignty, respectively, and below is the national motto: "Libertas" ("Freedom" in Latin).

** Captains Regent: Gian Carlo Venturini and Marco Nicolini

** Captains Regent: Alessandro Cardelli and Mirko Dolcini

https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/san_marino_flag_235.png

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San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little enclave in Italy. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, Croatia). Its constitution, ratified 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century, the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars, and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, owing to (respectively) its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory, and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq.km with a little more than 30,000 residents) and too remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies in a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral throughout the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had saw fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Repubblica di San Marino'') and also known as The Most Serene Republic of San Marino ('''Italian:''' ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino''), is a delightful little enclave in Italy. It is the oldest surviving sovereign state in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on September 3, 301, by Marinus [[note]] who later became its [[UsefulNotes/PatronSaints patron saint]][[/note]], a stonemason-turned-monk from Arba (modern-day Rab, Croatia). Its constitution, ratified 1600, is the oldest of its kind still in effect. The next-oldest is the U.S. Constitution, some 189 years younger. It survived the consolidation of Italy into medium-sized territorial states in the 15th century and the reorganization of Italy following UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars and the unification of Italy in the 19th century, largely owing to its remote location in a valley of the Apennines, not accepting Napoleon's offers to extend their territory and as a [[IOweYouMyLife token of gratitude from leaders of the unification movement for offering them shelter in times of crisis]]. It is too small (about 60 sq km with a little more than 30.000 residents) and remote to cause anyone much trouble - and it is also too small and remote for anyone to give it much trouble, so, while, by custom, the appellation "Most Serene" is an indicator of sovereignty, it also applies on a more literal sense. It managed to remain neutral in the two world wars (though somehow someone reported San Marino had saw fit to declare war on the United Kingdom in 1940).

During World War II, San Marino provided a safe harbor for over 100,000 Italians (ten times as much as there were Sammarinese at the time) and Jews from Nazi persecution. That's right, San Marino pulled a move that could risk angering UsefulNotes/NaziGermany and still managed to stay neutral. No wonder its citizens are proud of it, and they well should be.

There was once a [[NonindicativeName San Marino Grand Prix - held in Imola, Italy]], which was infamous for its 1994 running[[note]]It was on this running that Ayrton Senna had his fatal crash during the race. Along with his fatal crash, Austrian Roland Ratzenberger died after crashing in qualifying, Rubens Barrichello was injured after a crash in practice, eight fans were injured due to flying debris after a crash at the start involving Pedro Lamy and JJ Lehto, and as if all of those wasn't enough, four mechanics from Ferrari and Lotus were injured after Michele Alboreto's wheel came off exiting pit lane[[/note]]. Motorcycle racing also has its own San Marino Grand Prix, the somewhat indicative San Marino ''and'' Rimini's Coast motorcycle Grand Prix, which as the name said, it's held in Rimini - specifically, the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli.