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Series of juvenile science-fiction novels by Creator/IsaacAsimov, written in the 1950s under the pseudonym Paul French. The series relates the adventures of David "Lucky" Starr, Councilman of Earth's Council of Science, and his battles against crime and corruption in different regions of the Solar System. He is accompanied by loyal sidekick John Bigman Jones, whose short height and shorter temper contrast him with the tall, cool-headed hero.
[[AC:The series comprises six volumes:]]
* ''David Starr, Space Ranger''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn''
In his adventures, Lucky faces off against unusual alien organisms and hostile space environments as well as ordinary human sabotage. The predominating threat throughout comes from Earth's rivals in the system of Sirius, who, although descended from Earthmen, think themselves superior and show signs of wanting to take over Earth's Solar System. The stories usually have an element of mystery as well as adventure, with Lucky having to find a criminal hidden in plain sight, and, in true Asimov fashion, the solution can hang on the tiniest point.
The ''Lucky Starr'' series was written explicitly with the purpose of teaching young people facts about the solar system, which means that it suffers from ScienceMarchesOn perhaps more than the rest of Asimov's work--the title ''Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus'' should be a clue as to how inaccurate it sometimes gets. Nevertheless, the books are still very enjoyable as science-fiction adventures.
Not to be confused with the anime ''Manga/LuckyStar''.
The first books were also marketed to Hollywood, as the basis for a TV series, which is why Asimov went with the pseudonym. He had seen how Hollywood tended to butcher the works of other SF writers, and wanted to be able to disassociate himself from any resulting series, if he had to. After the TV idea fell through, he started adding elements to the later books that clearly labelled him as the author (such as three-laws robots with positronic brains.)
%%Some tropes below have been commented off as they are either Zero Context Examples for which good examples can't be cited, or are Pot-holed tropes for which replacements need to be found.
----
!!This series provides examples of:
* AffectionateGestureToTheHead: Shows up from time to time in the books, usually with Lucky ruffling Bigman's hair.
* AirVentPassageway: [[spoiler:Bigman uses one to access a critical relay which, once disconnected, will keep an airlock from opening.]]
* ArtificialGravity: "Pseudo-grav" is a common Asimovian term used in the series, and in ''Big Sun of Mercury'', [[spoiler:it becomes an important part of the plot due to Bigman realizing that one character was able to anticipate a sudden gravity change, thus proving that he deliberately changed the field strength.]]
* AwesomeMcCoolname: John ''Bigman'' Jones; he answers predominantly to "Bigman", though he is all of five feet two inches in height.
* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: Five of the six books in the series have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and TheXOfY".
* ChromosomeCasting: A male example. All the more impressive considering it encompasses ''six'' books.
* DeflectorShields: The ''Shooting Starr'' (as well as other ships) use them.
* DeliciousDistraction: In ''Oceans of Venus'', Lucky notices that the V-frogs seem particularly attracted to petroleum-derived products due to their relative oxygen deficiency. [[spoiler:It is this which allows him to break their mental hold at two key points in the story.]]
* EarlyInstallmentWeirdness: In the first book, Starr encounters an ancient race of Martians who give him a personal force field and dub him "Space Ranger". It was obviously intended as a hero origin story, but all the later books became more of a series of detective novels [[RecycledInSpace IN SPACE]]. He's never called "Space Ranger" again and hardly ever uses the force field.
* EscapePod: When he was a child, Lucky was placed in one in ''Space Ranger'' to save him from marauding pirates.
* EverybodySmokes: Quite a few characters do, but not Lucky and Bigman.
* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from the ship that launched it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. [[spoiler:The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
%%* [[ExcitedShowTitle Excited Chapter Title!]]
* FieryRedhead: Bigman. He is quite unafraid of going toe to toe with people much taller than him, especially if he's been insulted by being called terms like "shorty", et cetera.
* FutureFoodIsArtificial: The yeast-farms of Venus are the source of many foods that are served on that planet, as well as long-term compact space rations. Said food is apparently indistinguishable from the real thing.
* FutureSlang: Sands of Mars! Great Galaxy! Space!
* LaserBlade: TropeMaker, surprisingly enough. They are first featured in ''David Starr: Space Ranger''.
* GaggingOnYourWords: Happens a few times in the books. As one example, Bigman, with great reluctance, admits he isn't very tall in ''Oceans of Venus''.
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "William Williams", or "Dick Williams".
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council of Science.
%%* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
* HeterosexualLifePartners:
** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree were part of a PowerTrio with Lawrence Starr. All three fell in love with the same woman. Hector and Augustus gracefully accepted it when she married Lawrence, and fostered their son after the couple died.
--> Neither Henree nor [Conway] had ever married, and for neither were there any girls to compete with Barbara in memory.
** Possibly also Lucky Starr and John Bigman Jones.
--> His years with Lucky had been happy, exciting ones. He had lived a full lifetime in them and had faced death without fear. He could face death now, also without fear.
* HisNameIs: In the fourth book, a robot about to shut down says that it received its orders from - well, only one syllable is heard, but its enough to figure out he meant [[spoiler: "Earthman" - a project director who once visited its homeworld and stole the servant assigned to him.]]
* HonoraryUncle: Councilmen Conway and Henree, to Lucky.
* HoppingMachine: [[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin "Hoppers"]] are used by Lucky at one point in his stay on Venus to get out of a large crowd of people without needing to shoulder his way through.
* TheHypnotoad: [[spoiler:The V-frogs on Venus have empathic and telepathic abilities. Without human influence to concentrate this ability, it is primarily instinctively used by V-frogs to activate emotions of trust and kindness towards them. With human aid, however, it is possible to read and influence minds.]]
* InterserviceRivalry: The Council is strongly opposed by a number of other government branches.
* IronicNickname: John ''Bigman'' Jones (5 foot 2, counting the hair he keeps combed straight up).
* ItIsDehumanizing: A racist Sirian, as a rule, refuses to use "he" as the pronoun to describe Bigman. He makes his feelings clear in the following quote (ironically using 'him' in the process):
--> Devoure broke in, "We had an example here a while ago, the Councilman's companion. It infuriated and nauseated me merely to be in the same room with him; a monkey, a five-foot travesty of a human being, a lump of deformity… "
* TheNapoleon: Bigman's forceful personality is well-established in the series.
* NiceShoes: On Mars, men (and presumably, women) wear hip-boots of the most riotous possible color combinations. In an aversion, Lucky wears relatively plain ones and gets a ribbing for it from Bigman.
--> '''Bigman:''' And you're the only farmboy I ever heard of that was willing to wear simple black and white.
* NoGravityForYou: Inverted in one story, where a character is killed because Earth-like gravity was activated at exactly the wrong moment.
* OutdatedFuture: The Zeerust is pretty obvious when it comes to the computers that are available in the series. A specialized computer man has to prepare input in the form of paper tape in ''Moons of Jupiter''. In ''Oceans of Venus'', a technical officer in charge of the maintenance of the dome (of the city of Aphrodite) as a whole has a portable computer that weighs about 25 pounds. [[spoiler:Even allowing for the specialized apparatus hidden in it to control the V-frogs, modern miniaturization would almost certainly have cut that weight down to a more manageable amount, plus made the computer itself less bulky.]]
* PunnyName: Lucky, of course, but also his spaceship, the ''Shooting Starr''.
* PlanetOfHats: Almost literally--Martian farm boys all wear garish hip boots, while Venusian men all have moustaches.
* PoliticallyIncorrectVillain: Most notably, Sten Devoure from ''Rings of Saturn''. He's unabashedly racist and has a very narrow view of what constitutes a human being.
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman. When he gets into fights, he usually manages to win.
* RecklessSidekick: Bigman; Lucky occasionally has to remind him he can't go haring off based on suspicion alone with only the flimiest of plans. [[spoiler:A case where this tendency almost backfires on Bigman is when he proposes single combat with an antagonist who is considerably taller and doesn't play fair.]]
* RuleOfCool: In ''David Starr, Space Ranger'', there is a fancy restaurant with tables made out of force fields. Why? Because they're allegedly easy to clean. However, the book goes on to say that the force fields worked ''too'' well, and the fields had to be made to purposely glitter so people would see that their plates and cutlery actually rested on something tangible.
* ScienceMarchesOn: To such an extent that the 1970s reprintings included new introductions by Asimov enumerating all the newly-discovered astronomical facts that contradict the books' descriptions.
* ShownTheirWork: It is by Creator/IsaacAsimov, after all. He was well-known for meticulously ensuring the science he used was accurate; as one example it is actually perfectly safe to breathe pure oxygen in a pressurized suit at one-fifth normal atmospheric pressure.
* SickCaptiveScam: Bigman, when escorted as a prisoner by two robots, pretends they broke his arm. Since they are ThreeLawsCompliant, this confuses them long enough for him to pull a blaster out of his [[TrickedOutShoes Martian boots]].
* SilentWhisper: In ''Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn'', Lucky and Wess take a moment to speak privately to one another by using ordinary sound waves, conducted through their spacesuits, so there is no risk of being spied upon. The narrator never tells us what Lucky says, but it becomes clear it has to do with the elaborate deception that Lucky pulls on everyone except Wess later in the book.
* SocietyMarchesOn: Women are barely featured in the series (four of the books have no women ''at all'') and certainly none in positions of power.
* SpacePirates: Featured in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'', and they also get a mention in ''Space Ranger''.
* SpaceX: The V-frogs, so named because they are a native species to Venus and appear somewhat froglike (albeit they have six legs).
* StellarName: "Starr", which is pretty self-explanatory.
* StopOrIShootMyself: [[spoiler:Bigman invokes this to force robots on a Sirian base to deliver him to the base commander, Sten Devoure.]]
* TechnologyMarchesOn: We will all use ''microfilm'' in the future.
* ThreeLawsCompliant: Asimovian robots appear in ''Big Sun of Mercury'', ''Moons of Jupiter'', and ''Rings of Saturn''.
* TrickedOutShoes: See elsewhere in this page for mention of the garishly-colored Martian hip-boots.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans of Venus'', as it is essentially a planetary ocean.
* UnspokenPlanGuarantee: Invoked in ''Rings of Saturn''; [[spoiler:Lucky has a plan to force the Sirians to become arrogant and overplay their hand at an interstellar conference.]]
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Sirian cobbers!" as one example.
* VenusIsWet: ''Oceans of Venus'' depicts Venus as an ocean planet with seas and kelp (and domed underwater cities).
* WeWouldHaveToldYouBut: Most commonly used with Bigman, because he doesn't always control his temper and could blab.
* WhatMeasureIsANonHuman: One Sirian villain tries to get a three-laws-compliant robot to kill Bigman by persuading the robot that Bigman isn't a human: after all, he's noticeably smaller than any Sirian! The robot never before saw an Earth human, so it almost works.
* WhatWeNowKnowToBeTrue: Asimov wrote forewords to his novels, which [[{{Irony}} are now themselves somewhat out of date.]] But at least he recognized that ScienceMarchesOn and wanted to avoid having the readers of his novels get confused.
* YouRemindMeOfX: Very sparingly referred to ordinarily as to his descent from his father and mother, but it becomes a crucial revelation of the true nature of a character [[spoiler:in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'' due to Lucky catching on to a peculiar aspect of the remembrance - the person in question notices the resemblance when Lucky gets angry, and Lucky knows his father rarely if ever showed it, except most memorably when he was ready to shoot any incoming pirates on the ship the Starrs were travelling on.]]
----
[[AC:The series comprises six volumes:]]
* ''David Starr, Space Ranger''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn''
In his adventures, Lucky faces off against unusual alien organisms and hostile space environments as well as ordinary human sabotage. The predominating threat throughout comes from Earth's rivals in the system of Sirius, who, although descended from Earthmen, think themselves superior and show signs of wanting to take over Earth's Solar System. The stories usually have an element of mystery as well as adventure, with Lucky having to find a criminal hidden in plain sight, and, in true Asimov fashion, the solution can hang on the tiniest point.
The ''Lucky Starr'' series was written explicitly with the purpose of teaching young people facts about the solar system, which means that it suffers from ScienceMarchesOn perhaps more than the rest of Asimov's work--the title ''Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus'' should be a clue as to how inaccurate it sometimes gets. Nevertheless, the books are still very enjoyable as science-fiction adventures.
Not to be confused with the anime ''Manga/LuckyStar''.
The first books were also marketed to Hollywood, as the basis for a TV series, which is why Asimov went with the pseudonym. He had seen how Hollywood tended to butcher the works of other SF writers, and wanted to be able to disassociate himself from any resulting series, if he had to. After the TV idea fell through, he started adding elements to the later books that clearly labelled him as the author (such as three-laws robots with positronic brains.)
%%Some tropes below have been commented off as they are either Zero Context Examples for which good examples can't be cited, or are Pot-holed tropes for which replacements need to be found.
----
!!This series provides examples of:
* AffectionateGestureToTheHead: Shows up from time to time in the books, usually with Lucky ruffling Bigman's hair.
* AirVentPassageway: [[spoiler:Bigman uses one to access a critical relay which, once disconnected, will keep an airlock from opening.]]
* ArtificialGravity: "Pseudo-grav" is a common Asimovian term used in the series, and in ''Big Sun of Mercury'', [[spoiler:it becomes an important part of the plot due to Bigman realizing that one character was able to anticipate a sudden gravity change, thus proving that he deliberately changed the field strength.]]
* AwesomeMcCoolname: John ''Bigman'' Jones; he answers predominantly to "Bigman", though he is all of five feet two inches in height.
* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: Five of the six books in the series have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and TheXOfY".
* ChromosomeCasting: A male example. All the more impressive considering it encompasses ''six'' books.
* DeflectorShields: The ''Shooting Starr'' (as well as other ships) use them.
* DeliciousDistraction: In ''Oceans of Venus'', Lucky notices that the V-frogs seem particularly attracted to petroleum-derived products due to their relative oxygen deficiency. [[spoiler:It is this which allows him to break their mental hold at two key points in the story.]]
* EarlyInstallmentWeirdness: In the first book, Starr encounters an ancient race of Martians who give him a personal force field and dub him "Space Ranger". It was obviously intended as a hero origin story, but all the later books became more of a series of detective novels [[RecycledInSpace IN SPACE]]. He's never called "Space Ranger" again and hardly ever uses the force field.
* EscapePod: When he was a child, Lucky was placed in one in ''Space Ranger'' to save him from marauding pirates.
* EverybodySmokes: Quite a few characters do, but not Lucky and Bigman.
* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from the ship that launched it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. [[spoiler:The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
%%* [[ExcitedShowTitle Excited Chapter Title!]]
* FieryRedhead: Bigman. He is quite unafraid of going toe to toe with people much taller than him, especially if he's been insulted by being called terms like "shorty", et cetera.
* FutureFoodIsArtificial: The yeast-farms of Venus are the source of many foods that are served on that planet, as well as long-term compact space rations. Said food is apparently indistinguishable from the real thing.
* FutureSlang: Sands of Mars! Great Galaxy! Space!
* LaserBlade: TropeMaker, surprisingly enough. They are first featured in ''David Starr: Space Ranger''.
* GaggingOnYourWords: Happens a few times in the books. As one example, Bigman, with great reluctance, admits he isn't very tall in ''Oceans of Venus''.
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "William Williams", or "Dick Williams".
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council of Science.
%%* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
* HeterosexualLifePartners:
** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree were part of a PowerTrio with Lawrence Starr. All three fell in love with the same woman. Hector and Augustus gracefully accepted it when she married Lawrence, and fostered their son after the couple died.
--> Neither Henree nor [Conway] had ever married, and for neither were there any girls to compete with Barbara in memory.
** Possibly also Lucky Starr and John Bigman Jones.
--> His years with Lucky had been happy, exciting ones. He had lived a full lifetime in them and had faced death without fear. He could face death now, also without fear.
* HisNameIs: In the fourth book, a robot about to shut down says that it received its orders from - well, only one syllable is heard, but its enough to figure out he meant [[spoiler: "Earthman" - a project director who once visited its homeworld and stole the servant assigned to him.]]
* HonoraryUncle: Councilmen Conway and Henree, to Lucky.
* HoppingMachine: [[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin "Hoppers"]] are used by Lucky at one point in his stay on Venus to get out of a large crowd of people without needing to shoulder his way through.
* TheHypnotoad: [[spoiler:The V-frogs on Venus have empathic and telepathic abilities. Without human influence to concentrate this ability, it is primarily instinctively used by V-frogs to activate emotions of trust and kindness towards them. With human aid, however, it is possible to read and influence minds.]]
* InterserviceRivalry: The Council is strongly opposed by a number of other government branches.
* IronicNickname: John ''Bigman'' Jones (5 foot 2, counting the hair he keeps combed straight up).
* ItIsDehumanizing: A racist Sirian, as a rule, refuses to use "he" as the pronoun to describe Bigman. He makes his feelings clear in the following quote (ironically using 'him' in the process):
--> Devoure broke in, "We had an example here a while ago, the Councilman's companion. It infuriated and nauseated me merely to be in the same room with him; a monkey, a five-foot travesty of a human being, a lump of deformity… "
* TheNapoleon: Bigman's forceful personality is well-established in the series.
* NiceShoes: On Mars, men (and presumably, women) wear hip-boots of the most riotous possible color combinations. In an aversion, Lucky wears relatively plain ones and gets a ribbing for it from Bigman.
--> '''Bigman:''' And you're the only farmboy I ever heard of that was willing to wear simple black and white.
* NoGravityForYou: Inverted in one story, where a character is killed because Earth-like gravity was activated at exactly the wrong moment.
* OutdatedFuture: The Zeerust is pretty obvious when it comes to the computers that are available in the series. A specialized computer man has to prepare input in the form of paper tape in ''Moons of Jupiter''. In ''Oceans of Venus'', a technical officer in charge of the maintenance of the dome (of the city of Aphrodite) as a whole has a portable computer that weighs about 25 pounds. [[spoiler:Even allowing for the specialized apparatus hidden in it to control the V-frogs, modern miniaturization would almost certainly have cut that weight down to a more manageable amount, plus made the computer itself less bulky.]]
* PunnyName: Lucky, of course, but also his spaceship, the ''Shooting Starr''.
* PlanetOfHats: Almost literally--Martian farm boys all wear garish hip boots, while Venusian men all have moustaches.
* PoliticallyIncorrectVillain: Most notably, Sten Devoure from ''Rings of Saturn''. He's unabashedly racist and has a very narrow view of what constitutes a human being.
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman. When he gets into fights, he usually manages to win.
* RecklessSidekick: Bigman; Lucky occasionally has to remind him he can't go haring off based on suspicion alone with only the flimiest of plans. [[spoiler:A case where this tendency almost backfires on Bigman is when he proposes single combat with an antagonist who is considerably taller and doesn't play fair.]]
* RuleOfCool: In ''David Starr, Space Ranger'', there is a fancy restaurant with tables made out of force fields. Why? Because they're allegedly easy to clean. However, the book goes on to say that the force fields worked ''too'' well, and the fields had to be made to purposely glitter so people would see that their plates and cutlery actually rested on something tangible.
* ScienceMarchesOn: To such an extent that the 1970s reprintings included new introductions by Asimov enumerating all the newly-discovered astronomical facts that contradict the books' descriptions.
* ShownTheirWork: It is by Creator/IsaacAsimov, after all. He was well-known for meticulously ensuring the science he used was accurate; as one example it is actually perfectly safe to breathe pure oxygen in a pressurized suit at one-fifth normal atmospheric pressure.
* SickCaptiveScam: Bigman, when escorted as a prisoner by two robots, pretends they broke his arm. Since they are ThreeLawsCompliant, this confuses them long enough for him to pull a blaster out of his [[TrickedOutShoes Martian boots]].
* SilentWhisper: In ''Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn'', Lucky and Wess take a moment to speak privately to one another by using ordinary sound waves, conducted through their spacesuits, so there is no risk of being spied upon. The narrator never tells us what Lucky says, but it becomes clear it has to do with the elaborate deception that Lucky pulls on everyone except Wess later in the book.
* SocietyMarchesOn: Women are barely featured in the series (four of the books have no women ''at all'') and certainly none in positions of power.
* SpacePirates: Featured in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'', and they also get a mention in ''Space Ranger''.
* SpaceX: The V-frogs, so named because they are a native species to Venus and appear somewhat froglike (albeit they have six legs).
* StellarName: "Starr", which is pretty self-explanatory.
* StopOrIShootMyself: [[spoiler:Bigman invokes this to force robots on a Sirian base to deliver him to the base commander, Sten Devoure.]]
* TechnologyMarchesOn: We will all use ''microfilm'' in the future.
* ThreeLawsCompliant: Asimovian robots appear in ''Big Sun of Mercury'', ''Moons of Jupiter'', and ''Rings of Saturn''.
* TrickedOutShoes: See elsewhere in this page for mention of the garishly-colored Martian hip-boots.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans of Venus'', as it is essentially a planetary ocean.
* UnspokenPlanGuarantee: Invoked in ''Rings of Saturn''; [[spoiler:Lucky has a plan to force the Sirians to become arrogant and overplay their hand at an interstellar conference.]]
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Sirian cobbers!" as one example.
* VenusIsWet: ''Oceans of Venus'' depicts Venus as an ocean planet with seas and kelp (and domed underwater cities).
* WeWouldHaveToldYouBut: Most commonly used with Bigman, because he doesn't always control his temper and could blab.
* WhatMeasureIsANonHuman: One Sirian villain tries to get a three-laws-compliant robot to kill Bigman by persuading the robot that Bigman isn't a human: after all, he's noticeably smaller than any Sirian! The robot never before saw an Earth human, so it almost works.
* WhatWeNowKnowToBeTrue: Asimov wrote forewords to his novels, which [[{{Irony}} are now themselves somewhat out of date.]] But at least he recognized that ScienceMarchesOn and wanted to avoid having the readers of his novels get confused.
* YouRemindMeOfX: Very sparingly referred to ordinarily as to his descent from his father and mother, but it becomes a crucial revelation of the true nature of a character [[spoiler:in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'' due to Lucky catching on to a peculiar aspect of the remembrance - the person in question notices the resemblance when Lucky gets angry, and Lucky knows his father rarely if ever showed it, except most memorably when he was ready to shoot any incoming pirates on the ship the Starrs were travelling on.]]
----
to:
[[AC:The series comprises six volumes:]]
* ''David Starr, Space Ranger''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter''
* ''Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn''
In his adventures, Lucky faces off against unusual alien organisms and hostile space environments as well as ordinary human sabotage. The predominating threat throughout comes from Earth's rivals in the system of Sirius, who, although descended from Earthmen, think themselves superior and show signs of wanting to take over Earth's Solar System. The stories usually have an element of mystery as well as adventure, with Lucky having to find a criminal hidden in plain sight, and, in true Asimov fashion, the solution can hang on the tiniest point.
The ''Lucky Starr'' series was written explicitly with the purpose of teaching young people facts about the solar system, which means that it suffers from ScienceMarchesOn perhaps more than the rest of Asimov's work--the title ''Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus'' should be a clue as to how inaccurate it sometimes gets. Nevertheless, the books are still very enjoyable as science-fiction adventures.
Not to be confused with the anime ''Manga/LuckyStar''.
The first books were also marketed to Hollywood, as the basis for a TV series, which is why Asimov went with the pseudonym. He had seen how Hollywood tended to butcher the works of other SF writers, and wanted to be able to disassociate himself from any resulting series, if he had to. After the TV idea fell through, he started adding elements to the later books that clearly labelled him as the author (such as three-laws robots with positronic brains.)
%%Some tropes below have been commented off as they are either Zero Context Examples for which good examples can't be cited, or are Pot-holed tropes for which replacements need to be found.
----
!!This series provides examples of:
* AffectionateGestureToTheHead: Shows up from time to time in the books, usually with Lucky ruffling Bigman's hair.
* AirVentPassageway: [[spoiler:Bigman uses one to access a critical relay which, once disconnected, will keep an airlock from opening.]]
* ArtificialGravity: "Pseudo-grav" is a common Asimovian term used in the series, and in ''Big Sun of Mercury'', [[spoiler:it becomes an important part of the plot due to Bigman realizing that one character was able to anticipate a sudden gravity change, thus proving that he deliberately changed the field strength.]]
* AwesomeMcCoolname: John ''Bigman'' Jones; he answers predominantly to "Bigman", though he is all of five feet two inches in height.
* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: Five of the six books in the series have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and TheXOfY".
* ChromosomeCasting: A male example. All the more impressive considering it encompasses ''six'' books.
* DeflectorShields: The ''Shooting Starr'' (as well as other ships) use them.
* DeliciousDistraction: In ''Oceans of Venus'', Lucky notices that the V-frogs seem particularly attracted to petroleum-derived products due to their relative oxygen deficiency. [[spoiler:It is this which allows him to break their mental hold at two key points in the story.]]
* EarlyInstallmentWeirdness: In the first book, Starr encounters an ancient race of Martians who give him a personal force field and dub him "Space Ranger". It was obviously intended as a hero origin story, but all the later books became more of a series of detective novels [[RecycledInSpace IN SPACE]]. He's never called "Space Ranger" again and hardly ever uses the force field.
* EscapePod: When he was a child, Lucky was placed in one in ''Space Ranger'' to save him from marauding pirates.
* EverybodySmokes: Quite a few characters do, but not Lucky and Bigman.
* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from the ship that launched it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. [[spoiler:The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
%%* [[ExcitedShowTitle Excited Chapter Title!]]
* FieryRedhead: Bigman. He is quite unafraid of going toe to toe with people much taller than him, especially if he's been insulted by being called terms like "shorty", et cetera.
* FutureFoodIsArtificial: The yeast-farms of Venus are the source of many foods that are served on that planet, as well as long-term compact space rations. Said food is apparently indistinguishable from the real thing.
* FutureSlang: Sands of Mars! Great Galaxy! Space!
* LaserBlade: TropeMaker, surprisingly enough. They are first featured in ''David Starr: Space Ranger''.
* GaggingOnYourWords: Happens a few times in the books. As one example, Bigman, with great reluctance, admits he isn't very tall in ''Oceans of Venus''.
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "William Williams", or "Dick Williams".
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council of Science.
%%* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
* HeterosexualLifePartners:
** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree were part of a PowerTrio with Lawrence Starr. All three fell in love with the same woman. Hector and Augustus gracefully accepted it when she married Lawrence, and fostered their son after the couple died.
--> Neither Henree nor [Conway] had ever married, and for neither were there any girls to compete with Barbara in memory.
** Possibly also Lucky Starr and John Bigman Jones.
--> His years with Lucky had been happy, exciting ones. He had lived a full lifetime in them and had faced death without fear. He could face death now, also without fear.
* HisNameIs: In the fourth book, a robot about to shut down says that it received its orders from - well, only one syllable is heard, but its enough to figure out he meant [[spoiler: "Earthman" - a project director who once visited its homeworld and stole the servant assigned to him.]]
* HonoraryUncle: Councilmen Conway and Henree, to Lucky.
* HoppingMachine: [[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin "Hoppers"]] are used by Lucky at one point in his stay on Venus to get out of a large crowd of people without needing to shoulder his way through.
* TheHypnotoad: [[spoiler:The V-frogs on Venus have empathic and telepathic abilities. Without human influence to concentrate this ability, it is primarily instinctively used by V-frogs to activate emotions of trust and kindness towards them. With human aid, however, it is possible to read and influence minds.]]
* InterserviceRivalry: The Council is strongly opposed by a number of other government branches.
* IronicNickname: John ''Bigman'' Jones (5 foot 2, counting the hair he keeps combed straight up).
* ItIsDehumanizing: A racist Sirian, as a rule, refuses to use "he" as the pronoun to describe Bigman. He makes his feelings clear in the following quote (ironically using 'him' in the process):
--> Devoure broke in, "We had an example here a while ago, the Councilman's companion. It infuriated and nauseated me merely to be in the same room with him; a monkey, a five-foot travesty of a human being, a lump of deformity… "
* TheNapoleon: Bigman's forceful personality is well-established in the series.
* NiceShoes: On Mars, men (and presumably, women) wear hip-boots of the most riotous possible color combinations. In an aversion, Lucky wears relatively plain ones and gets a ribbing for it from Bigman.
--> '''Bigman:''' And you're the only farmboy I ever heard of that was willing to wear simple black and white.
* NoGravityForYou: Inverted in one story, where a character is killed because Earth-like gravity was activated at exactly the wrong moment.
* OutdatedFuture: The Zeerust is pretty obvious when it comes to the computers that are available in the series. A specialized computer man has to prepare input in the form of paper tape in ''Moons of Jupiter''. In ''Oceans of Venus'', a technical officer in charge of the maintenance of the dome (of the city of Aphrodite) as a whole has a portable computer that weighs about 25 pounds. [[spoiler:Even allowing for the specialized apparatus hidden in it to control the V-frogs, modern miniaturization would almost certainly have cut that weight down to a more manageable amount, plus made the computer itself less bulky.]]
* PunnyName: Lucky, of course, but also his spaceship, the ''Shooting Starr''.
* PlanetOfHats: Almost literally--Martian farm boys all wear garish hip boots, while Venusian men all have moustaches.
* PoliticallyIncorrectVillain: Most notably, Sten Devoure from ''Rings of Saturn''. He's unabashedly racist and has a very narrow view of what constitutes a human being.
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman. When he gets into fights, he usually manages to win.
* RecklessSidekick: Bigman; Lucky occasionally has to remind him he can't go haring off based on suspicion alone with only the flimiest of plans. [[spoiler:A case where this tendency almost backfires on Bigman is when he proposes single combat with an antagonist who is considerably taller and doesn't play fair.]]
* RuleOfCool: In ''David Starr, Space Ranger'', there is a fancy restaurant with tables made out of force fields. Why? Because they're allegedly easy to clean. However, the book goes on to say that the force fields worked ''too'' well, and the fields had to be made to purposely glitter so people would see that their plates and cutlery actually rested on something tangible.
* ScienceMarchesOn: To such an extent that the 1970s reprintings included new introductions by Asimov enumerating all the newly-discovered astronomical facts that contradict the books' descriptions.
* ShownTheirWork: It is by Creator/IsaacAsimov, after all. He was well-known for meticulously ensuring the science he used was accurate; as one example it is actually perfectly safe to breathe pure oxygen in a pressurized suit at one-fifth normal atmospheric pressure.
* SickCaptiveScam: Bigman, when escorted as a prisoner by two robots, pretends they broke his arm. Since they are ThreeLawsCompliant, this confuses them long enough for him to pull a blaster out of his [[TrickedOutShoes Martian boots]].
* SilentWhisper: In ''Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn'', Lucky and Wess take a moment to speak privately to one another by using ordinary sound waves, conducted through their spacesuits, so there is no risk of being spied upon. The narrator never tells us what Lucky says, but it becomes clear it has to do with the elaborate deception that Lucky pulls on everyone except Wess later in the book.
* SocietyMarchesOn: Women are barely featured in the series (four of the books have no women ''at all'') and certainly none in positions of power.
* SpacePirates: Featured in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'', and they also get a mention in ''Space Ranger''.
* SpaceX: The V-frogs, so named because they are a native species to Venus and appear somewhat froglike (albeit they have six legs).
* StellarName: "Starr", which is pretty self-explanatory.
* StopOrIShootMyself: [[spoiler:Bigman invokes this to force robots on a Sirian base to deliver him to the base commander, Sten Devoure.]]
* TechnologyMarchesOn: We will all use ''microfilm'' in the future.
* ThreeLawsCompliant: Asimovian robots appear in ''Big Sun of Mercury'', ''Moons of Jupiter'', and ''Rings of Saturn''.
* TrickedOutShoes: See elsewhere in this page for mention of the garishly-colored Martian hip-boots.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans of Venus'', as it is essentially a planetary ocean.
* UnspokenPlanGuarantee: Invoked in ''Rings of Saturn''; [[spoiler:Lucky has a plan to force the Sirians to become arrogant and overplay their hand at an interstellar conference.]]
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Sirian cobbers!" as one example.
* VenusIsWet: ''Oceans of Venus'' depicts Venus as an ocean planet with seas and kelp (and domed underwater cities).
* WeWouldHaveToldYouBut: Most commonly used with Bigman, because he doesn't always control his temper and could blab.
* WhatMeasureIsANonHuman: One Sirian villain tries to get a three-laws-compliant robot to kill Bigman by persuading the robot that Bigman isn't a human: after all, he's noticeably smaller than any Sirian! The robot never before saw an Earth human, so it almost works.
* WhatWeNowKnowToBeTrue: Asimov wrote forewords to his novels, which [[{{Irony}} are now themselves somewhat out of date.]] But at least he recognized that ScienceMarchesOn and wanted to avoid having the readers of his novels get confused.
* YouRemindMeOfX: Very sparingly referred to ordinarily as to his descent from his father and mother, but it becomes a crucial revelation of the true nature of a character [[spoiler:in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'' due to Lucky catching on to a peculiar aspect of the remembrance - the person in question notices the resemblance when Lucky gets angry, and Lucky knows his father rarely if ever showed it, except most memorably when he was ready to shoot any incoming pirates on the ship the Starrs were travelling on.]]
----
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* SickCaptiveScam: Bigman, when escorted as a prisoner by two robots, pretends they broke his arm. Since they are ThreeLawsCompliant, this confuses them long enough for him to pull a blaster out of his [[TrickedOutShoes Martian boots]].
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** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree.
to:
** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree.Henree were part of a PowerTrio with Lawrence Starr. All three fell in love with the same woman. Hector and Augustus gracefully accepted it when she married Lawrence, and fostered their son after the couple died.
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* InterserviceRivalry: The Council is strongly opposed by a number of other government branches.
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The trope page for Look Behind You notes that it has become so commonplace as to probably not really be tropeworthy. There also aren't any incidents, as far as I'm aware, where Starr or Bigman are either told "Behind you" or say it either.
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%%* LookBehindYou
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* ItIsDehumanizing: A racist Sirian refuses to use "he" as the pronoun to describe Bigman:
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* ItIsDehumanizing: A racist Sirian Sirian, as a rule, refuses to use "he" as the pronoun to describe Bigman:Bigman. He makes his feelings clear in the following quote (ironically using 'him' in the process):
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added some context to Fiery Redhead and also moved the spoiler tagging on Exact Words to cover up only the plot-relevant reveal.
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* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is [[spoiler:that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from the ship that launched it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
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* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is [[spoiler:that that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from the ship that launched it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. The [[spoiler:The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
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* FieryRedhead: Bigman.
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* FieryRedhead: Bigman. He is quite unafraid of going toe to toe with people much taller than him, especially if he's been insulted by being called terms like "shorty", et cetera.
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changing Delicious Distraction to give more context and minimize the spoiler tag cover. The oxygen-deficiency issue is not in itself very spoilery.
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* DeliciousDistraction: In ''Oceans of Venus'', [[spoiler:Lucky realizes that the V-frogs seem particularly attracted to petroleum-derived products due to their relative oxygen deficiency. It is this which allows him to break their mental hold at two key points in the story.]]
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* DeliciousDistraction: In ''Oceans of Venus'', [[spoiler:Lucky realizes Lucky notices that the V-frogs seem particularly attracted to petroleum-derived products due to their relative oxygen deficiency. It [[spoiler:It is this which allows him to break their mental hold at two key points in the story.]]
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Fixed the wikiword.
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* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: Five of the six books in the series have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and the XofY".
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* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: Five of the six books in the series have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and the XofY".TheXOfY".
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Correction for the number of books.
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* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: All si books have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and the XofY".
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* CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase: All si Five of the six books in the series have titles of the form "Lucky Starr and the XofY".
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Un-potholing a trope
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%%* [[CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase Character Name And]] TheXOfY
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* VenusIsWet: ''Oceans of Venus'' depicts Venus as an ocean planet with seas and kelp (and domed underwater cities).
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Fixing up a previous edit, and some trope expansions
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* LaserBlade: TropeMaker, surprisingly enough.
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* LaserBlade: TropeMaker, surprisingly enough. They are first featured in ''David Starr: Space Ranger''.
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* RecklessSidekick: Bigman again. Lucky occasionally has to remind Bigman he can't go haring off based on suspicion alone with only the flimiest of plans. [[spoiler:A case where this tendency almost backfires on Bigman is when he proposes single combat with an antagonist who is consideraly taller and doesn't play fair.]]
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* RecklessSidekick: Bigman again. Bigman; Lucky occasionally has to remind Bigman him he can't go haring off based on suspicion alone with only the flimiest of plans. [[spoiler:A case where this tendency almost backfires on Bigman is when he proposes single combat with an antagonist who is consideraly considerably taller and doesn't play fair.]]
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* ShownTheirWork: It is by Creator/IsaacAsimov, after all.
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* ShownTheirWork: It is by Creator/IsaacAsimov, after all. He was well-known for meticulously ensuring the science he used was accurate; as one example it is actually perfectly safe to breathe pure oxygen in a pressurized suit at one-fifth normal atmospheric pressure.
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* SpaceX: The V-frogs.
* StellarName: "Starr".
* StellarName: "Starr".
to:
* SpaceX: The V-frogs.
V-frogs, so named because they are a native species to Venus and appear somewhat froglike (albeit they have six legs).
* StellarName:"Starr"."Starr", which is pretty self-explanatory.
* StellarName:
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* TrickedOutShoes: See elsewhere in this page for mention of Martian hip-boots.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans of Venus''.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans of Venus''.
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* TrickedOutShoes: See elsewhere in this page for mention of the garishly-colored Martian hip-boots.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans ofVenus''.Venus'', as it is essentially a planetary ocean.
* UnderwaterCity: Featured in ''Oceans of
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* RecklessSidekick: Bigman again.
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* RecklessSidekick: Bigman again. Lucky occasionally has to remind Bigman he can't go haring off based on suspicion alone with only the flimiest of plans. [[spoiler:A case where this tendency almost backfires on Bigman is when he proposes single combat with an antagonist who is consideraly taller and doesn't play fair.]]
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Grammar fix
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The first books were also marketed to Hollywood, as the basis for a TV series, which is why Asimov went with the pseudonym. He had seen how Hollywood tended to butcher the works of other SF writers, and wanted to be able to disassociate himself from any resulting series, if he had to. After the TV idea fell through, he started added elements to the later books that clearly labelled him as the author (such as three-laws robots with positronic brains.)
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The first books were also marketed to Hollywood, as the basis for a TV series, which is why Asimov went with the pseudonym. He had seen how Hollywood tended to butcher the works of other SF writers, and wanted to be able to disassociate himself from any resulting series, if he had to. After the TV idea fell through, he started added adding elements to the later books that clearly labelled him as the author (such as three-laws robots with positronic brains.)
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* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is [[spoiler:that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
to:
* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is [[spoiler:that a capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from the ship that launched it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. The capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
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* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is [[spoiler:that a spaceship in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. The ship cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
to:
* ExactWords: In one book, an important plot point is [[spoiler:that a spaceship capsule with valuable intel data in orbit around a planet is said, by an incomplete transmission received from it, to be in a "normal" orbit -- which is taken to mean "standard", around the planet's equator. The ship capsule cannot be found until it is realised that "normal" was actually used in the geometric sense -- "perpendicular", a polar orbit.]]
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Cleanup and adding context.
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* HeterosexualLifePartners: Hector Conway and Augustus Henree.
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* HeterosexualLifePartners: HeterosexualLifePartners:
** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree.
** Hector Conway and Augustus Henree.
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* YouRemindMeOfX: Very sparingly referred to ordinarily as to his descent from his father and mother, but [[spoiler:it becomes a crucial revelation of the true nature of a character in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'' due to Lucky catching on to a peculiar aspect of the remembrance.]]
to:
* YouRemindMeOfX: Very sparingly referred to ordinarily as to his descent from his father and mother, but [[spoiler:it it becomes a crucial revelation of the true nature of a character in [[spoiler:in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'' due to Lucky catching on to a peculiar aspect of the remembrance.remembrance - the person in question notices the resemblance when Lucky gets angry, and Lucky knows his father rarely if ever showed it, except most memorably when he was ready to shoot any incoming pirates on the ship the Starrs were travelling on.]]
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* [[IronicNickname Ironic Middle Name]]: John ''Bigman'' Jones (5 foot 2, counting the hair he keeps combed straight up).
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* [[IronicNickname Ironic Middle Name]]: IronicNickname: John ''Bigman'' Jones (5 foot 2, counting the hair he keeps combed straight up).
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* [[CharacterNameAndTheNounPhrase Character Name And]] TheXOfY
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This and previous edits are general cleanup of the page to conform better to current TV Tropes standards.
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* AirVentPassageway: [[spoiler:Bigman has to admit he's small enough to fit in one to be able to access a critical relay which, once disconnected, will keep an airlock from opening.]]
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* AirVentPassageway: [[spoiler:Bigman has to admit he's small enough to fit in uses one to be able to access a critical relay which, once disconnected, will keep an airlock from opening.]]
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%% Please do not delete or comment out the ZeroContextExamples. they are self-explanatory, and I've already fixed up others that could be potentially less clear.
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* AffectionateGestureToTheHead
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* AffectionateGestureToTheHeadAffectionateGestureToTheHead: Shows up from time to time in the books, usually with Lucky ruffling Bigman's hair.
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* AwesomeMcCoolname
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* AwesomeMcCoolnameAwesomeMcCoolname: John ''Bigman'' Jones; he answers predominantly to "Bigman", though he is all of five feet two inches in height.
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* EscapePod
* EverybodySmokes: except Lucky and Bigman.
* EverybodySmokes: except Lucky and Bigman.
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* EscapePod
EscapePod: When he was a child, Lucky was placed in one in ''Space Ranger'' to save him from marauding pirates.
* EverybodySmokes:except Quite a few characters do, but not Lucky and Bigman.
* EverybodySmokes:
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* [[ExcitedShowTitle Excited Chapter Title!]]
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* GaggingOnYourWords
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "William Williams". Or "Dick Williams".
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council of Science
* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "William Williams". Or "Dick Williams".
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council of Science
* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
to:
* GaggingOnYourWords
GaggingOnYourWords: Happens a few times in the books. As one example, Bigman, with great reluctance, admits he isn't very tall in ''Oceans of Venus''.
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "WilliamWilliams". Or Williams", or "Dick Williams".
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council ofScience
*Science.
%%* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
* GoToAlias: Lucky uses "William
* GovernmentAgencyOfFiction: The Council of
*
%%* [[HasTwoMommies Has Two Dads]]
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* ItIsDehumanizing
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* ItIsDehumanizingItIsDehumanizing: A racist Sirian refuses to use "he" as the pronoun to describe Bigman:
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* LookBehindYou
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* PoliticallyIncorrectVillain
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman.
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman.
to:
* PoliticallyIncorrectVillain
PoliticallyIncorrectVillain: Most notably, Sten Devoure from ''Rings of Saturn''. He's unabashedly racist and has a very narrow view of what constitutes a human being.
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman. When he gets into fights, he usually manages to win.
* PintsizedPowerhouse: Bigman. When he gets into fights, he usually manages to win.
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* RuleOfCool: In ''David Starr, Space Ranger'', there is a fancy restaurant with tables made out of force fields. Why? Because they're so easy to clean, of course... yeah, right.
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* RuleOfCool: In ''David Starr, Space Ranger'', there is a fancy restaurant with tables made out of force fields. Why? Because they're so allegedly easy to clean, of course... yeah, right.clean. However, the book goes on to say that the force fields worked ''too'' well, and the fields had to be made to purposely glitter so people would see that their plates and cutlery actually rested on something tangible.
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* SpacePirates
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* SpacePiratesSpacePirates: Featured in ''Pirates of the Asteroids'', and they also get a mention in ''Space Ranger''.
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* UnspokenPlanGuarantee
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Sirian cobbers!"
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Sirian cobbers!"
to:
* UnspokenPlanGuarantee
UnspokenPlanGuarantee: Invoked in ''Rings of Saturn''; [[spoiler:Lucky has a plan to force the Sirians to become arrogant and overplay their hand at an interstellar conference.]]
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Siriancobbers!"cobbers!" as one example.
* UnusualEuphemism: "To Sun-center with the Sirian
